Verification and validation (V&V) are essential stages in the design cycle of automotive controllers to remove the gap between the designed and implemented controller. In this paper, an early model-based methodology is proposed to reduce the V&V time and improve the robustness of the designed controllers. The application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated on a cold start emission control problem in a midsize passenger car. A nonlinear reduced order model-based controller based on singular perturbation approximation (SPA) is designed to reduce cold start hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from a spark ignition (SI) combustion engine. A model-based simulation platform is created to verify the controller robustness against sampling, quantization, and fixed-point arithmetic imprecision. In addition, the results from early model-based verification are used to identify and remove sources of errors causing propagation of numerical imprecision in the controller structure. Thus the structure of the controller is modified to avoid or to reduce the level of numerical noise in the controller design. The performance of the final modified controller is validated in real-time by testing the control algorithm on a real engine control unit. The validation results indicate the modified controller is 17–63% more robust to different implementation imprecision while it requires lower implementation cost. The proposed methodology from this paper is expected to reduce typical V&V efforts in the development of automotive controllers.
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February 2015
Research-Article
Early Model-Based Design and Verification of Automotive Control System Software Implementations
Mahdi Shahbakhti,
Mahdi Shahbakhti
1
Mechanical Engineering–Engineering
Mechanics Department,
e-mail: mahdish@mtu.edu
Mechanics Department,
Michigan Technological University
,Houghton, MI 49931-1295
e-mail: mahdish@mtu.edu
1Corresponding author.
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Mohammad Reza Amini,
Mohammad Reza Amini
Mechanical Engineering–Engineering
Mechanics Department,
e-mail: mamini@mtu.edu
Mechanics Department,
Michigan Technological University
,Houghton, MI 49931-1295
e-mail: mamini@mtu.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Jimmy Li,
Jimmy Li
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
e-mail: jl2kx@berkeley.edu
University of California
,Berkeley, CA 94720-1740
e-mail: jl2kx@berkeley.edu
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Satoshi Asami,
Satoshi Asami
Graduate School of Environment and
Information Science,
Email: asami-satoshi-nz@ynu.ac.jp
Information Science,
Yokohama National University
,79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku
,Yokohama 240-8501
, Japan
Email: asami-satoshi-nz@ynu.ac.jp
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J. Karl Hedrick
J. Karl Hedrick
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
e-mail: khedrick@me.berkeley.edu
University of California
,Berkeley, CA 94720-1740
e-mail: khedrick@me.berkeley.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Mahdi Shahbakhti
Mechanical Engineering–Engineering
Mechanics Department,
e-mail: mahdish@mtu.edu
Mechanics Department,
Michigan Technological University
,Houghton, MI 49931-1295
e-mail: mahdish@mtu.edu
Mohammad Reza Amini
Mechanical Engineering–Engineering
Mechanics Department,
e-mail: mamini@mtu.edu
Mechanics Department,
Michigan Technological University
,Houghton, MI 49931-1295
e-mail: mamini@mtu.edu
Jimmy Li
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
e-mail: jl2kx@berkeley.edu
University of California
,Berkeley, CA 94720-1740
e-mail: jl2kx@berkeley.edu
Satoshi Asami
Graduate School of Environment and
Information Science,
Email: asami-satoshi-nz@ynu.ac.jp
Information Science,
Yokohama National University
,79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku
,Yokohama 240-8501
, Japan
Email: asami-satoshi-nz@ynu.ac.jp
J. Karl Hedrick
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
e-mail: khedrick@me.berkeley.edu
University of California
,Berkeley, CA 94720-1740
e-mail: khedrick@me.berkeley.edu
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Dynamic Systems Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS, MEASUREMENT, AND CONTROL. Manuscript received March 12, 2014; final manuscript received June 6, 2014; published online September 10, 2014. Assoc. Editor: Gregory Shaver.
J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. Feb 2015, 137(2): 021006 (14 pages)
Published Online: September 10, 2014
Article history
Received:
March 12, 2014
Revision Received:
June 6, 2014
Citation
Shahbakhti, M., Reza Amini, M., Li, J., Asami, S., and Karl Hedrick, J. (September 10, 2014). "Early Model-Based Design and Verification of Automotive Control System Software Implementations." ASME. J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. February 2015; 137(2): 021006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027845
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